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European Journal of Criminology
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Long-Term Effects of Parenting and Family Characteristics on Delinquency of Male Young Adults

Machteld Hoeve

Wilma Smeenk

Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, Leiden, The Netherlands

Rolf Loeber

Magda Stouthamer-Loeber

Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh PA, USA

Peter H. van der Laan

Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, Leiden, The Netherlands

Jan R. M. Gerris

Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Judith Semon Dubas

Utrecht University, The Netherlands

Drawing from the criminology literature and family studies, we investigated the long-term effects of established family risk factors and parenting styles on male young adult delinquency. We used data sets from two longitudinal studies, the Pittsburgh Youth Study (N=474) and the Child-Rearing and Family in the Netherlands Study (N=128), each with assessment periods covering at least 10 years. The lack of orderly and structured activities within the family during adolescence was a strong predictor of delinquency in young adulthood, once prior aggression and demographic variables were considered. No evidence was found for a relationship between authoritarian and authoritative parenting styles and later delinquency. Furthermore, previously identified family factors such as socioeconomic status, supervision, punishment and attachment were not related to delinquent behaviour in young adulthood.

Key Words: Family Risk Factors • Longitudinal Studies • Parenting • Self-Reported Delinquency • Young Adults

European Journal of Criminology, Vol. 4, No. 2, 161-194 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/1477370807074854
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T. Skarthhamar
Family Dissolution and Children's Criminal Careers
European Journal of Criminology, May 1, 2009; 6(3): 203 - 223.
[Abstract] [PDF]